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Pulau Semakau Coral Reef Survey Data

2003	2000	1998

2005

Site name: Pulau Semakau western fringing reef				Date: 27 February 2005
Shallow transect depth: 3m				Deep transect depth: 6m

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by Blue Water Volunteers
Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest	% cover-deep	Subtotal-deep
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.19
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.19
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	13.99
		Encrusting	CE	2.15
		Foliose	CF	7.75
		Massive	CM	3.20
		Submassive	CS	0.53
		Mushroom	CMR	0.36
		Millepora	CME	0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	25.92
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	25.92	25.92
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.00	3.02
		Sponge	SP	1.93
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00
		Others	OT	1.09
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	0.99	17.13
		Coralline algae	CA	3.14
		Halimeda	HA	0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	13.00
		Turf algae	TA	0.00
Abiotic		Sand	S	5.75	39.74
		Rubble	R	19.22
		Silt	SI	14.77
		Rock	RCK	0.00
Total					100.00		100.00

Number of Reef Check Target Fish and Invertebrates over four 20m transects

Fish	Shallow	Deep
Butterflyfish	7	12
Haemulidae	5	0
Snapper	1	0
Barramundi cod	0	0
Grouper (>30cm)	2	0
Humphead wrasse	0	0
Bumphead parrot	0	0
Parrotfish	0	0
Moray eel	0	0

Invertebrates	Shallow	Deep
Banded coral shrimp	0	0
Diadema	8	3
Pencil urchin	0	0
Sea cucumber	2	0
Crown of thorns	0	0
Giant clam	0	0
Triton	0	0
Collector urchin	0	0
Lobster	0	0

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Site name: Pulau Semakau patch				Date: 27 February 2005
Shallow transect depth: 0.0m (crest)				Deep transect depth: 3.0m

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by Blue Water Volunteers
Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest	% cover-deep	Subtotal-deep
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.77	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00		0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00		0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.77		0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00		0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	36.05	0.00	15.28
		Encrusting	CE	8.57		0.75
		Foliose	CF	14.36		11.74
		Massive	CM	6.72		0.00
		Submassive	CS	5.90		0.70
		Mushroom	CMR	0.50		2.09
		Millepora	CME	0.00		0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00		0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	8.3.8	26.84	0.00	19.14
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	18.46	26.84	19.14	19.14
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.00	1.73	0.00	2.02
		Sponge	SP	1.18		1.40
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00		0.00
		Others	OT	0.55		0.62
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	0.11	0.11	0.00	0.00
		Coralline algae	CA	0.00		0.00
		Halimeda	HA	0.00		0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	0.00		0.00
		Turf algae	TA	0.00		0.00
Abiotic		Sand	S	1.84	34.50	10.08	63.56
		Rubble	R	25.59		48.12
		Silt	SI	7.07		5.36
		Rock	RCK	0.00		0.00
Total					100.00		100.00

Number of Reef Check Target Fish and Invertebrates over four 20m transects

Fish	Shallow	Deep
Butterflyfish	41	28
Haemulidae	4	15
Snapper	0	25
Barramundi cod	0	1
Grouper (>30cm)	0	0
Humphead wrasse	0	0
Bumphead parrot	0	0
Parrotfish	0	0
Moray eel	0	0

Invertebrates	Shallow	Deep
Banded coral shrimp	0	0
Diadema	12	9
Pencil urchin	0	0
Sea cucumber	0	1
Crown of thorns	0	0
Giant clam	0	0
Triton	0	0
Collector urchin	0	0
Lobster	0	0

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2003

Site name: Pulau Semakau (S2)				Date: 07July 2003
Shallow transect depth: 0.0m (crest)				Deep transect depth: 3.0m

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by NUS Marine Bio Lab
Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest	% cover-deep	Subtotal-deep
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00		0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00		0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00		0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00		0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.29	19.57	0.00	12.21
		Encrusting	CE	1.85		1.39
		Foliose	CF	7.80		3.94
		Massive	CM	8.31		6.68
		Submassive	CS	0.67		0.00
		Mushroom	CMR	0.54		0.20
		Millepora	CME	0.00		0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.11		0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.08	25.08	0.03	29.75
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	25.01	25.08	29.72	29.75
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.11	18.06	0.00	7.20
		Sponge	SP	1.62		6.21
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.10		0.05
		Others	OT	16.22		0.95
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	3.08	8.26	0.37	0.73
		Coralline algae	CA	1.01		0.32
		Halimeda	HA	0.00		0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	4.17		0.00
		Turf algae	TA	0.00		0.05
Abiotic		Sand	S	0.17	29.04	1.77	50.11
		Rubble	R	28.24		44.48
		Silt	SI	0.63		3.87
		Rock	RCK	0.00		0.00
Total					100.00		100.00

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Site name: Pulau Semakau (S1)				Date: 13 June 2003
Shallow transect depth: 0.0m (crest)				Deep transect depth: 3.0m

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by NUS Marine Bio Lab
Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest	% cover-deep	Subtotal-deep
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00		0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00		0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00		0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00		0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	23.36	0.00	13.66
		Encrusting	CE	2.88		1.96
		Foliose	CF	15.10		7.70
		Massive	CM	4.82		3.05
		Submassive	CS	0.16		0.68
		Mushroom	CMR	0.41		0.26
		Millepora	CME	0.00		0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00		0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	38.97	0.00	32.57
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	38.97	38.97	32.57	32.57
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.00	0.66	0.00	1.85
		Sponge	SP	0.51		1.48
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00		0.00
		Others	OT	0.15		0.37
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	1.20	3.91	1.26	4.69
		Coralline algae	CA	0.32		2.12
		Halimeda	HA	0.00		0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	2.39		1.31
		Turf algae	TA	0.00		0.00
Abiotic		Sand	S	0.63	33.09	3.04	47.23
		Rubble	R	29.15		37.01
		Silt	SI	2.86		6.78
		Rock	RCK	0.44		0.39
Total					100.00		100.00

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2000

Site name: Pulau Semakau (S2)				Date: 19 July 2000
Shallow transect depth: 0m crest				Deep transect depth: 3m

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by Jeffrey Low/TMSI
Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest	% cover-deep	Subtotal-deep
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00		0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00		0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00		0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00		0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	23.14	0.00	17.95
		Encrusting	CE	0.78		0.37
		Foliose	CF	5.80		13.47
		Massive	CM	3.24		0.22
		Submassive	CS	12.64		2.78
		Mushroom	CMR	0.68		1.11
		Millepora	CME	0.00		0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00		0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.17	10.24	0.00	18.80
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	10.07	10.24	18.80	18.80
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.00	1.21	0.00	0.39
		Sponge	SP	0.38		0.39
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00		0.00
		Others	OT	0.83		0.00
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	14.36	28.63	2.03	2.40
		Coralline algae	CA	0.00		0.00
		Halimeda	HA	0.00		0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	14.27		0.36
		Turf algae	TA	0.00		0.00
Abiotic		Sand	S	0.00	36.78	0.00	60.46
		Rubble	R	36.62		58.31
		Silt	SI	0.16		2.14
		Rock	RCK	0.00		0.00
Total					100.00		100.00

Site name: Pulau Semakau (S2)		Date: 29 August 2000
Shallow transect depth: 0m crest


GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m	Collected by Jeff/Karenne

Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	15.37
		Encrusting	CE	2.23
		Foliose	CF	8.18
		Massive	CM	2.28
		Submassive	CS	1.78
		Mushroom	CMR	0.90
		Millepora	CME	0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	18.27
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	18.27	18.27
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.14	2.16
		Sponge	SP	1.50
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00
		Others	OT	0.52
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	9.00	10.79
		Coralline algae	CA	0.00
		Halimeda	HA	0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	1.70
		Turf algae	TA	0.09
Abiotic		Sand	S	0.00	53.41
		Rubble	R	51.25
		Silt	SI	2.16
		Rock	RCK	0.00
Total					100.00

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Site name: Pulau Semakau (S1)				Date: 17 July 2000
Shallow transect depth: 0m crest				Deep transect depth: 3m

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by Jeffrey Low/TMSI
Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest	% cover-deep	Subtotal-deep
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00	0.28	0.28
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00		0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00		0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00		0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00		0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	12.22	0.00	13.01
		Encrusting	CE	0.59		2.26
		Foliose	CF	6.26		7.57
		Massive	CM	1.52		1.71
		Submassive	CS	3.81		1.35
		Mushroom	CMR	0.04		0.12
		Millepora	CME	0.00		0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00		0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	21.57	0.22	25.35
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	21.57	21.57	25.13	25.35
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.11	0.92	0.00	1.29
		Sponge	SP	0.53		1.29
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00		0.00
		Others	OT	0.28		0.00
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	10.12	20.20	3.84	5.59
		Coralline algae	CA	0.32		0.00
		Halimeda	HA	0.00		0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	9.33		1.75
		Turf algae	TA	0.43		0.00
Abiotic		Sand	S	0.84	45.09	0.00	54.48
		Rubble	R	36.95		36.77
		Silt	SI	7.30		17.71
		Rock	RCK	0.00		0.00
Total					100.00		100.00

Site name: Pulau Semakau (S1)		Date: 29 August 2000
Shallow transect depth: 0m crest


GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m	Collected by Jeff/Karenne

Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	12.22
		Encrusting	CE	0.59
		Foliose	CF	6.26
		Massive	CM	1.52
		Submassive	CS	3.81
		Mushroom	CMR	0.04
		Millepora	CME	0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	21.57
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	21.57	21.57
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.11	0.92
		Sponge	SP	0.53
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00
		Others	OT	0.28
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	10.12	20.20
		Coralline algae	CA	0.32
		Halimeda	HA	0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	9.33
		Turf algae	TA	0.43
Abiotic		Sand	S	0.84	45.09
		Rubble	R	36.95
		Silt	SI	7.30
		Rock	RCK	0.00
Total					100.00

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Site name: Terumbu Semakau (TSE1)				Date: 05 September 2000
Shallow transect depth: 0m crest

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by Jeff/Karenne

Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	3.17
		Encrusting	CE	0.07
		Foliose	CF	2.16
		Massive	CM	0.38
		Submassive	CS	0.47
		Mushroom	CMR	0.09
		Millepora	CME	0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	21.15
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	21.15	21.15
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.37	0.63
		Sponge	SP	0.03
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.19
		Others	OT	0.04
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	0.53	5.28
		Coralline algae	CA	0.43
		Halimeda	HA	0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	4.32
		Turf algae	TA	0.00
Abiotic		Sand	S	4.04	69.77
		Rubble	R	64.54
		Silt	SI	1.19
		Rock	RCK	0.00
Total					100.00

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Site name: Terumbu Semakau (TSE2)				Date: 05 September 2000
Shallow transect depth: 0m crest

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by Jeff/Karenne

Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	3.15
		Encrusting	CE	0.00
		Foliose	CF	1.45
		Massive	CM	1.70
		Submassive	CS	0.00
		Mushroom	CMR	0.00
		Millepora	CME	0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	19.66
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	19.66	19.66
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.00	0.60
		Sponge	SP	0.30
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00
		Others	OT	0.30
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	0.81	6.42
		Coralline algae	CA	0.11
		Halimeda	HA	0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	5.50
		Turf algae	TA	0.00
Abiotic		Sand	S	2.83	70.17
		Rubble	R	66.14
		Silt	SI	1.20
		Rock	RCK	0.00

Total

100.00

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1998

Site name: Pulau Semakau (S1)				Date: 06 March 1998(crest) & 05 March 1998(3m/6m)
Shallow transect depth: 0m crest				Deep transect depth: 6m

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m	Collected by TMSI

Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest	% cover-3m	Subtotal-3m	% cover-6m	Subtotal-6m
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00		0.00		0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00		0.00		0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00		0.00		0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00		0.00		0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.00	9.89	0.00	7.93	0.00	6.76
		Encrusting	CE	0.77		1.18		1.74
		Foliose	CF	3.22		5.87		4.83
		Massive	CM	1.18		0.06		0.00
		Submassive	CS	4.35		0.49		0.02
		Mushroom	CMR	0.37		0.33		0.17
		Millepora	CME	0.00		0.00		0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00		0.00		0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	35.46	0.00	41.15	0.00	33.66
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	35.46	35.46	41.15	41.15	33.66	33.66
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.41	3.05	0.53	3.54	0.36	3.19
		Sponge	SP	1.83		0.98		1.36
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.00		0.00		0.00
		Others	OT	0.81		2.03		1.47
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	3.20	13.34	0.59	3.29	0.55	2.14
		Coralline algae	CA	0.00		1.62		1.39
		Halimeda	HA	0.00		0.00		0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	7.28		0.92		0.10
		Turf algae	TA	2.86		0.16		0.10
Abiotic		Sand	S	1.52	38.26	6.52	44.09	2.61	54.25
		Rubble	R	36.57		33.36		32.89
		Silt	SI	0.17		4.21		18.75
		Rock	RCK	0.00		0.00		0.00
Total					100.00		100.00		100.00

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Site name: Pulau Semakau (S2)				Date: 19 February 1998(crest/3m) & 20 February 1998(6m/deep)
Shallow transect depth: 0m crest				Deep transect depth: 10m

GCRMN Benthic Summary
Replicate: 5 x 20m			Collected by TMSI/Beverly Goh/Jeffrey Low(crest/3m) & TMSI/Jeffrey Low(6m) & TMSI(deep)

Benthic Lifeform Categories			Codes	% cover-crest	Subtotal-crest	% cover-3m	Subtotal-3m	% cover-6m	Subtotal-6m	% cover-deep	Subtotal-deep
Live coral	Acropora	Branching	ACB	0.21	0.21	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	ACE	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
		Submassive	ACS	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
		Digitate	ACD	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
		Tabulate	ACT	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
	Non-Acr	Branching	CB	0.99	40.42	0.05	22.73	0.00	5.76	0.00	0.00
		Encrusting	CE	0.58		1.51		0.27		0.00
		Foliose	CF	12.43		13.34		4.12		0.00
		Massive	CM	10.05		1.39		0.75		0.00
		Submassive	CS	15.07		5.56		0.05		0.00
		Mushroom	CMR	1.29		0.88		0.57		0.00
		Millepora	CME	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
		Heliopora	CHL	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
Dead coral		Dead coral	DC	0.00	21.08	0.00	36.48	0.00	15.80	0.00	9.09
		Dead coral with algae	DCA	21.08	21.08	36.48	36.48	15.80	15.80	9.09	9.09
Other Fauna		Soft coral	SC	0.00	5.55	0.13	4.01	0.09	1.34	0.08	2.71
		Sponge	SP	2.78		1.34		1.10		0.05
		Zoanthid	ZO	0.06		0.07		0.00		0.00
		Others	OT	2.71		2.47		0.15		2.58
Algae		Algal assemblage	AA	10.95	23.12	1.87	3.27	0.00	0.00	0.30	1.23
		Coralline algae	CA	0.07		0.18		0.00		0.25
		Halimeda	HA	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
		Macroalgae	MA	10.52		0.76		0.00		0.68
		Turf algae	TA	1.58		0.46		0.00		0.00
Abiotic		Sand	S	0.68	9.61	2.69	33.51	8.89	77.10	14.77	86.97
		Rubble	R	7.46		20.42		58.33		37.38
		Silt	SI	1.47		10.40		9.88		34.82
		Rock	RCK	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
Total					100.00		100.00		100.00		100.00

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